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ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of physical activity on executive function of children and adolescents, and sort out the related factors. MethodsArticles about physical activity intervention for children and adolescents on executive function were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang Data, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library and PubMed, from January 1st, 2010 to June 30th, 2021. The articles were screened, evaluated and systematically reviewed. ResultsA total of 21 articles were included, from eleven countries, including 13 randomized controlled trials, involving 2 496 subjects, aged five to 18 years. The articles were published from 2010 to 2019, with mean score of Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale as 5.57. The physical activity intervention mainly involved physical fitness, skills and sport games, with low to high intensity, eight to 120 minutes a time, one to five times a week, no more than ten months. Physical activity was indicated to improve the executive function, specifically inhibition control, working memory and cognitive flexibility, such as the improvement of the accuracy and reaction time of cognitive tasks, and activation of bilateral prefrontal cortex activity. Types, intensity, duration, frequency and cycle of physical activity, participant selection, and assessment tools were related to the effect of intervention. ConclusionPhysical activity can improve the inhibition control, working memory and cognitive flexibility of children and adolescents. The main factors related to the intervention effect are the physical activity elements, the participant's factors and the experimental design factors.
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Objective:To explore any effect of supplementing low-frequency repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with intermittent resistance training on muscle tone and the recovery of motor function among persons with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A total of 104 PD patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 52. Both groups were treated with conventional drugs and low-frequency rTMS, while the observation group was additionally provided with intermittent resistance training for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, the motor functioning of both groups was evaluated using unified Parkinson′s disease rating scale-III (UPDRS-III) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Limb muscle tension was quantified using the modified Ashworth scale (MAS). The subjects′ psychological states were quantified using the exercise self-efficacy scale (ESE), and the modified Barthel index (MBI) was applied to evaluate their ability in the activities of daily living. A 3D motion processing system collected and analyzed data describing each subject′s gait kinematics.Results:After the intervention, significantly greater average improvement was observed in all of the outcome measures among the observation group compared with the control group.Conclusion:Combining intermittent resistance training with low-frequency rTMS can significantly reduce muscle tone and improve the motor functioning of PD patients. The combination is more effective than low-frequency rTMS alone.
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Objective:To observe any therapeutic effect of combining botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) with rehabilitation training in treating Parkinson′s disease (PD) patients with striatal foot deformity (SFD).Methods:A total of 68 PD patients with SFD were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group. Both groups were given routine medication with pramipexole and dopamine receptor agonists and received lower limb rehabilitation training, including passive activity training, strength training and walking training. The treatment group was additionally injected with BTX-A. Sciatic pain was quantified using a visual analogue scale. The Unified Parkinson′s Disease Rating Scale-lower limb motor lower limb motor function (UPDRS-LLM) scale, the Berg balance scale and the modified Barthel index were applied to test all of the participants before the experiment and on the 7th, 14th and 30th day of the treatment.Results:The average scores of the control group on all of measures at were significantly better than those of the control group at the same time points, and by the 14th and 30th day had improved significantly compared with those before treatment.Conclusion:Supplementing rehabilitation training with BTX-A can significantly improve foot deformity and relieve the muscle tension and spastic pain of PD patients with SFD, promoting the motor functioning of their lower limbs, their balance and their performance in the activities of daily living.
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Unlike healthy, non-transformed cells, the proteostasis network of cancer cells is taxed to produce proteins involved in tumor development. Cancer cells have a higher dependency on molecular chaperones to maintain proteostasis. The chaperonin T-complex protein ring complex (TRiC) contains eight paralogous subunits (CCT1-8), and assists the folding of as many as 10% of cytosolic proteome. TRiC is essential for the progression of some cancers, but the roles of TRiC subunits in osteosarcoma remain to be explored. Here, we show that CCT4/TRiC is significantly correlated in human osteosarcoma, and plays a critical role in osteosarcoma cell survival. We identify a compound anticarin-β that can specifically bind to and inhibit CCT4. Anticarin-β shows higher selectivity in cancer cells than in normal cells. Mechanistically, anticarin-β potently impedes CCT4-mediated STAT3 maturation. Anticarin-β displays remarkable antitumor efficacy in orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft models of osteosarcoma. Collectively, our data uncover a key role of CCT4 in osteosarcoma, and propose a promising treatment strategy for osteosarcoma by disrupting CCT4 and proteostasis.
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Objective:To investigate the efficacy of fixation with cannulated screws alone via the Kocher approach in the treatment of adult humeral capitulum fractures.Methods:From August 2016 to August 2020, 16 patients with humeral capitulum fracture were treated at Department of Upper Limb Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital. They were 10 males and 6 females, aged from 36 to 62 years (average, 45 years). The left side was affected in 10 cases and the right side in 6. According to the Ring classification, 3 cases were type Ⅰ, 3 cases type Ⅱ, 6 cases type Ⅲ, and 4 cases type Ⅳ. All patients were treated with the Kocher approach on the lateral side of the elbow. After reduction under direct vision, the fractures were fixated temporarily with Kirschner wires and finally with cannulated screws. On the second postoperative day, the patients started active flexion and extension of the elbow joint and took indomethacin orally to prevent heterotopic ossification. At the last follow-up, the curative efficacy was evaluated according to the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS). The flexion and extension of the elbow joint and the rotation of the forearm were also recorded.Results:All patients were followed up for 10 to 19 months (mean, 14.3 months) after surgery. Bony union was achieved after 7 to 12 monthes (average, 11.3 monthes) in all the 16 patients, 2 of whom developed heterotopic ossification. By the MEPS evaluation at the last follow-up, 8 cases were excellent, 6 good and 2 fair, scoring an average of 89.5 points (from 73 to 95 points). At the last follow-up, the elbow flexion ranged from 80° to 130° (averaging 113°), extension from 5° to 30° (averaging 15°), forearm pronation from 62° to 75° (averaging 67°), and forearm supination from 50° to 90° (averaging 75°).Conclusion:When the fracture ends are exposed through the lateral Kocher approach, the fracture fragments fixated with cannulated screws only, and the patients encouraged to start elbow joint exercises in the early stage, the treatment of adult humeral capitulum fractures can result in satisfactory curative effects.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the axillary approach in the treatment of scapular glenoid fracture.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed of the 12 patients who had been treated for scapular glenoid fracture from November 2019 to April 2021 at Department of Upper Limb Orthopaedics, Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital. They were 4 males and 8 females, aged from 30 to 75 years (mean, 53.5 years). According to the Ideberg classification, there were 2 cases of type Ⅰa, 9 cases of type Ⅱ and one case of type Ⅴa. All cases were treated through the axillary approach. Two patients complicated with anterior shoulder dislocation were treated with manual reduction under anesthesia before operation and the other 10 cases with special plate fixation through the axillary approach. The 3 patients complicated with fracture of greater tuberosity were fixated with a special plate through the lateral shoulder split deltoid approach. Constant-Murley score, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Hawkins grading were used at the last follow-up to evaluate shoulder function, pain and stability after operation.Results:All patients were followed up for 9 to 20 months (mean, 14.4 months). The operation time ranged from 55 to 110 min (mean, 76.3 min), intraoperative bleeding from 60 to 160 mL (mean, 103.8 mL), and hospital stay from 8 to 14 d (mean, 11.1 d). All incisions healed primarily and all scapular glenoid fractures got united 6 months after operation. The last follow-up showed no shoulder instability, neurovascular injury or internal fixation failure. At the last follow-up, the range of motion of the shoulder was 159.2°±26.1° in forward bending, 156.7°±29.6° in abduction, 48.3°± 15.3° in external rotation (neutral position), and 73.3°±12.3° in internal rotation (neutral position), and the Constant-Murley score was (94.0±5.3) points. The range of motion of the shoulder and Constant-Murley score were significantly improved compared with those before operation (10.8°±11.6°, 7.5°±11.4°, 5.8°±10.0°, 42.5°±16.0° and 4.9±4.0, respectively) (all P<0.05). The VAS score was 0 in 11 patients and 2 in one patient at the last follow-up. Conclusion:The axillary approach is feasible for the treatment of scapular glenoid fracture, because it is hidden and less invasive, leading to good clinical outcomes.
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Objective:To assess the application value of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in evaluating clinical efficacy of hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy for purple-type port-wine stain.Methods:From April 2018 to January 2020, a total of 39 patients with centrofacial purple-type port-wine stains were enrolled from Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, and received 3 sessions of hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy. Before the first treatment, and 3- 6 months after 3 sessions of hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy, skin lesions were photographed, and RCM was conducted to measure the diameter and density of blood vessels at a depth of 100 μm in the lesions. Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the clinical photos, and the average diameter of blood vessels and density of blood vessels per square millimeter of lesion area were calculated. Measurement data were compared among different groups by using one-way analysis of variance, multiple comparisons were performed using least significant difference test, and comparisons of parameters before and after treatment were conducted by using paired t test. Results:After 3 sessions of hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy, 1 (2.56%) patient was nearly completely cured, 16 (41.03%) received marked improvement, 20 (51.28%) received improvement, and 2 (5.13%) showed no response to the treatment. In the patients receiving marked improvement or improvement, the average diameter and density of blood vessels significantly decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.05) , while no significant difference was observed before and after treatment in the patients with no response (both P > 0.05) . The average difference in the blood vessel diameter before and after treatment was significantly higher in the patients receiving marked improvement (48.56 ± 17.87 μm) than in those receiving improvement (31.15 ± 21.09 μm, P < 0.05) and those with no response (12.00 ± 2.83 μm, P < 0.05) . The average difference in the blood vessel density before and after treatment was 7.13 ± 3.44, 5.00 ± 2.22 and -0.50 ± 3.54 vessels/mm 2, respectively, in the patients receiving marked improvement, improvement and those with no response, and pairwise comparisons between the 3 groups all showed significant differences (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:RCM can be used to assess the average diameter and density of blood vessels in the port-wine stain lesions before and after hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy, and is helpful in quantitatively evaluating the therapeutic effect of hemoporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy.
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Guangdong province is experimenting with a model composed of various types of medical alliances, having achieved initial success with some of them and preliminarily has formed a holistic governance pattern. Experiences behind such initial success lied in a coordinated top-level design, reasonable and classified guidance, leader role of key governance subjects, and the construction of a telemedical system. However, as analyzed from the angle of collaborative governance, existing medical alliances have not yet formed a community of services, that of responsibility, that of interests, and that of services. In this consideration, the authors recommended to strengthen the collaborative governance of such alliances by respective governance subjects based on the theories of integrated medical service system and collaborative governance, eventually forming an integrated medical and health service system.
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Objective@#To explore the treatment strategy for traumatic posterior dislocation of shoulder joint with concomitant reverse Hill-Sachs lesion on the humeral head.@*Methods@#Data of 8 consecutive traumatic posterior shoulder dislocations with concomitant compression on anteromedial portion of the affected humeral heads (reverse Hill-Sachs lesion), which resulted from the collision between the posterior rim of the glenoid and anterior portion of the humeral head, who had undergone treatment in our department since July 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Seven males and 1 female have been included in the case series, with the age between 30-70 years (mean 44.5±12.3 years), 6 on the right shoulder and 2 on the left. 7 were acute injuries and 1 chronic. One patient received closed reduction under brachial plexus block anesthesia, and the rest cases underwent open surgeries. Modified Judet approach was performed in one case due to the concomitant fracture on the postero-inferior glenoid. The other 6 patients received modified delto-pectoral approach. 4 concomitant rotator cuffswere found during the procedures, including1 full thickness tears 3 partial. One patient received McLaughlin surgery, allograft and anchor suture fixation. 2 underwent cannulated screw fixation. Allograft and PHILOS fixation was placed on 4 cases. All 8 patients were required maintaining in mild abduction and external rotation the affected arms, with the protection of the casts. All patients were followed up for 20.6±8.4 months (range, 9-36 months). Constant-Murley scores and visual analogue score (VAS) were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes at the latest follow-up.@*Results@#Infection occurred in 1 case, the humeral head has been resected subsequently and antibiotic cement spacer was inserted for further arthroplasty. Necrosis of the humeral head has been observed in one CT follow up 9 months after surgery, with no limitation of the range of motion of the shoulder. Stage 1 wound closure and bony union were witnessed on the rest 6 patients. No neuromuscular injures or re-dislocations on the affected shoulders was found. The range of motion of the affected shoulder has been recorded at the latest follow-up: 123.8°±30.1° (90°-180°) in flexion, 124.4°±34.2° (80°-180°) in abduction, 36.9°±20.9° (0°-70°) in external (neutral position), 58.8°±10.9° (50°-80°) in internal rotation (neutral position) and 83.5±12.1 (70-95) in Constant-Murley score. Among the 8 patients, 7 patients were at the rank of VAS 0-3, and 1 of 4-6.@*Conclusion@#Optimal treatment options should be chosen based on the humeral head defect status, in case of traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation with concomitant reverse Hill-Sachs lesion. Closed reduction can be tried on < 20% humeral head defect with the help of anesthesia, and surgical option is the optimal one for the defect between 20%-40%.
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Objective:To investigate the effect of Donepezil treatment on the expression of high mobility group box 1 protein(HMGB1)in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease patients.Methods:This is a single-center observational stady.A total of 120 Alzheimer's disease patients admitted in our hospital from March 2017 to may 2019 were randomly divided into the control group receiving the routine drug therapy(n=60)and the Donepezil group receiving Donepezil hydrochloride(5 mg/d)as an add-on to medicine of control group(n=60). The expression levels of HMGB1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer's disease assessment scale(ADAS-Cog), mini-mental state examination(MMSE)scores, activities of daily living(ADL)and neuropsychiatric inventory(NPI)were compared before versus after 1 month of treatment.Results:After the Donepezil treatment, the ADAS-Cog score was lower, MMSE score was higher, ADL score was higher and NPI score was lower in the Donepezil group than in the control group(25.2± 2.7 vs.33.4± 3.6, 23.3± 2.1 vs.19.4±1.9, 56.3±2.1 vs.46.9±1.6, 16.2±2.3 vs.22.3± 2.6, P<0.05). After the Donepezil treatment, the levels of HMGB1 in serum[(45.3±5.3)μg/L vs.(56.3±4.4)μg/L]and in cerebrospinal fluid[(39.2±3.3)μg/L vs.(47.1±3.9)μg/L]were lower in the Donepezil group than in the control group(all P<0.05). Conclusions:Donepezil treatment can downregulate the HMGB1 expression levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer's disease patients, which may related to the improvement of cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease patients.
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Objective To explore the treatment strategy for traumatic posterior dislocation of shoulder joint with concomitant reverse Hill-Sachs lesion on the humeral head.Methods Data of 8 consecutive traumatic posterior shoulder dislocations with concomitant compression on anteromedial portion of the affected humeral heads (reverse Hill-Sachs lesion),which resulted from the collision between the posterior rim of the glenoid and anterior portion of the humeral head,who had undergone treatment in our department since July 2015 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Seven males and 1 female have been included in the case series,with the age between 30-70 years (mean 44.5±12.3 years),6 on the right shoulder and 2 on the left.7 were acute injuries and 1 chronic.One patient received closed reduction under brachial plexus block anesthesia,and the rest cases underwent open surgeries.Modified Judet approach was performed in one case due to the concomitant fracture on the postero-inferior glenoid.The other 6 patients received modified delto-pectoral approach.4 concomitant rotator cuffswere found during the procedures,including1 full thickness tears 3 partial.One patient received McLaughlin surgery,allograft and anchor suture fixation.2 underwent cannulated screw fixation.Allograft and PHILOS fixation was placed on 4 cases.All 8 patients were required maintaining in mild abduction and external rotation the affected arms,with the protection of the casts.All patients were followed up for 20.6±8.4 months (range,9-36 months).Constant-Murley scores and visual analogue score (VAS) were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes at the latest follow-up.Results Infection occurred in 1 case,the humeral head has been resected subsequently and antibiotic cement spacer was inserted for further arthroplasty.Necrosis of the humeral head has been observed in one CT follow up 9 months after surgery,with no limitation of the range of motion of the shoulder.Stage 1 wound closure and bony union were witnessed on the rest 6 patients.No neuromuscular injures or re-dislocations on the affected shoulders was found.The range of motion of the affected shoulder has been recorded at the latest follow-up:123.8°±30.1° (90°-180°) in flexion,124.4°±34.2° (80°-180°) in abduction,36.9°±20.9° (0°-70°) in external (neutral position),58.8°± 10.9° (50°-80°) in internal rotation (neutral position) and 83.5±12.1 (70-95) in Constant-Murley score.Among the 8 patients,7 patients were at the rank of VAS 0-3,and 1 of 4-6.Conclusion Optimal treatment options should be chosen based on the humeral head defect status,in case of traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation with concomitant reverse Hill-Sachs lesion.Closed reduction can be tried on ＜ 20％ humeral head defect with the help of anesthesia,and surgical option is the optimal one for the defect between 20％-40％.
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Objective:To analyze the surgical methods of operable breast cancer and analyze the follow-up results.Methods:A retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological data of 636 operable breast cancer patients admitted to Zibo First Hospital from July 2008 to April 2018, including the clinical stage, pathological staging. Analyze of the proportion of four surgical methods, and through follow-up, analyze the treatment effect of different surgical methods.Results:All patients are female, aged 26-80 years, the clinical stage of 636 patients: Tis 18 cases, stage Ⅰ 143 cases, stage Ⅱ 354 cases, stage Ⅲ 114 cases, stage Ⅳ 7 cases. There are four types of surgery: ① breast conserving surgery + sentinel lymph node biopsy in 124 cases (19.50%); ② breast conserving surgery + axillary lymph node dissection in 39 cases (6.13%); ③ mastectomy + sentinel lymph node biopsy in 163 cases (25.63%); ④ modified radical surgery in 310 cases (48.74%). Sentinel lymph node biopsy in 427 cases (67.14%), success in 404 patients (94.61%); all patients with lymph node negative 384 cases (60.38%). Follow-up for 1 to 9 years, 11 cases of local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery, It accounted for 6.75% of breast-conserving surgery; 43 cases of local recurrence of chest wall after mastectomy, accounting for mastectomy 9.09%; 33 cases of recurrence and metastasis of axillary lymph nodes and supraclavicular lymph nodes, 4 cases of axillary recurrence after sentinel lymph node biopsy.Conclusions:The proportion of breast-conserving surgery in this group of patients was high and the local recurrence rate of breast-conserving surgery was less than that of mastectomy group; the proportion of simple modified radical surgery declined further; patients with axillary lymph node metastasis were less in the whole group. The choice of reasonable operation method is an important factor to improve the prognosis of breast cancer.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effects of headless double-threaded compression screws plus microplate for treatment of capitellar fracture of Ring type Ⅱ.Methods In the period from March 2015 to February 2018,12 capitellar fractures of Ring type Ⅱ were treated at Department of Upper limb Orthopedics,Zhengzhou Orthopaedics Hospital.There were 8 men and 4 women,aged from 25 to 57 years (average,35.4 years).There were 5 left and 7 right fractures.The fractures were exposed and reduced through the posterolateral elbow approach in 6 patients and through the lateral elbow approach in the other 6 ones.Fixation of all the fractures was conducted with headless double-threaded compression screws plus microplate.At the final follow-up,the elbow function was evaluated by the Mayo elbow performance score and the severity of traumatic arthritis by the Broberg & Morrey imaging criteria.Results All the patients were followed up for 9 to 36 months (average,23 months).The fracture healing time ranged from 9 to 12 weeks (average,10.6weeks).The final follow-ups revealed fine stability of the affected elbow joint in all the patients,and no loss of reduction,loosening or breakage of internal fixators or ischemic necrosis in any case.At the final follow-ups,the elbow inflection angles ranged from 90° to 130° (average,114.3°),the elbow extension angles from 0° to 20°(average,12.4°),the forearm pronation angles from 50° to 85° (average,70.5°) and the forearm supination angles from 45° to 80° (average,64.3°).The Mayo elbow performance scores at the final follow-up averaged 93.2points (from 85 to 100 points),yielding 8 excellent and 4 good cases.According to the Broberg & Morrey imaging criteria,10 patients showed no regressive change and 2 patients change by one grade.Conclusions A proper surgical approach should be chosen according to the preoperative imaging findings.The fracture of articular surface can be firmly fixated by head-less double-threaded compression screws and the integrity of the distal lateral column of the humerus can be restored with a microplate to achieve a strong biomechanical fixation.Fine clinical outcomes can be obtained by early functional exercise.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors and correlation of job burnout and organizational support in medical staffs. METHODS: The cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 231 medical staffs as the study subjects from 7 municipal hospitals in Zhengzhou City,Henan Province. Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and Organizational Support Scale were used for questionnaire survey. The correlation between job burnout and organizational support was analyzed by canonical correlation analysis. RESULTS: The score of job burnout was( 36. 0 ± 14. 1),and the median score of organizational support was 72. 0, showing a negative correlation( Spearman correlation coefficient was-0. 333,P < 0. 01). There is canonical correlation between job burnout and organizational support( F = 1. 94,P <0. 01). CONCLUSION: The present situation of job burnout among medical staffs is serious. Job burnout of medical staffs can be reduced by improving their sense of organizational support.
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A 54-year-old female farmer presented with a pea-sized red nodule on the left upper limb near the wrist for 15 days,which occurred after trauma,gradually became swollen and ruptured,and developed into multiple nodules arranged in a chain in 30 days.Skin examination revealed multiple hard purple-red nodules arranged in a line on her left upper limb,some of which were ruptured with a small amount of purulent exndate.Histopathological examination further revealed that the focus of infection manifested as pyogenic granuloma-like inflammation mainly infiltrated with mixed inflammatory cells.Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining showed no fungal structures,including fungal spores,hyphae and asteroid body.The biopsy tissue culture yielded the fungus.According to the morphological analysis of the cultures and results of molecular identification based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and calmodulin (CAL) coding regions,this case was finally diagnosed as lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto.The patient was treated with oral potassium iodide 10％ solution in a dose of 10 ml thrice a day.After 2-month treatment,the patient felt that the lesions were obviously improved,but afterwards she was lost to follow-up.This research report suggests that phenotypic analysis combined with ITS/CAL-based molecular identification can accurately identify Sporothrix schenckii complex at the species level.
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Objective To establish an athymic (nu/nu)BALB/c mouse model with chronic subcutaneous infection due to Phialophora verrucosa (P.verrucosa),and to explore the role of T lymphocytes in defensing against invasive infection due to P.verrucosa.Methods Six immunocompetent BALB/c mice and 6 nu/nu BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 100 μl of P.verrucosa hyphae suspensions at a concentration of 5.0 × 108 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml into one footpad,while another 6 immunocompetent BALB/c mice and 6 nu/nu BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 100 μl of 5.0 × 108 CFU/ml P.verrucosa conidium suspensions into one footpad.The degree of footpad swelling was measured with a vernier caliper every 3 days.Histopathological characteristics of infected footpads were further analyzed.Biopsy tissues were also subjected to fungal culture to analyze the growth of P.verrucosa in infection foci in mice.Results After the treatment with hyphae or conidium suspensions,the BALB/c mice experienced transient footpad swelling within 12 days,and basically recovered after 50 days.However,the nu/nu BALB/c mice experienced persistent footpad swelling with recurrent ulceration and crusting.As pathological examination revealed,all the inoculation loci in BALB/c mice experienced local infection,and the morphology of P.verrucosa in the infected foci was not changed over time.However,invasive infections due to P.verrucosa hyphae alone or a mixture of P.verrucosa hyphae and sclerotic cells were observed in all the inoculation loci in nu/nu BALB/c mice.The fungal culture showed that P.verrucosa could not grow in the footpads of BALB/c mice after 21 days,while P.verrucosa could persistently grow in the footpads of nu/nu BALB/c mice.Conclusion An experimental model with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to P.verrucosa has been successfully established by using nu/nu BALB/c mice,and the nu/nu BALB/c mice are more susceptible to P.verrucosa infection compared with the immunocompetent BALB/c mice.
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Objective To establish an athymic (nu/nu)BALB/c mouse model with chronic subcutaneous infection due to Phialophora verrucosa (P.verrucosa),and to explore the role of T lymphocytes in defensing against invasive infection due to P.verrucosa.Methods Six immunocompetent BALB/c mice and 6 nu/nu BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 100 μl of P.verrucosa hyphae suspensions at a concentration of 5.0 × 108 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml into one footpad,while another 6 immunocompetent BALB/c mice and 6 nu/nu BALB/c mice were subcutaneously inoculated with 100 μl of 5.0 × 108 CFU/ml P.verrucosa conidium suspensions into one footpad.The degree of footpad swelling was measured with a vernier caliper every 3 days.Histopathological characteristics of infected footpads were further analyzed.Biopsy tissues were also subjected to fungal culture to analyze the growth of P.verrucosa in infection foci in mice.Results After the treatment with hyphae or conidium suspensions,the BALB/c mice experienced transient footpad swelling within 12 days,and basically recovered after 50 days.However,the nu/nu BALB/c mice experienced persistent footpad swelling with recurrent ulceration and crusting.As pathological examination revealed,all the inoculation loci in BALB/c mice experienced local infection,and the morphology of P.verrucosa in the infected foci was not changed over time.However,invasive infections due to P.verrucosa hyphae alone or a mixture of P.verrucosa hyphae and sclerotic cells were observed in all the inoculation loci in nu/nu BALB/c mice.The fungal culture showed that P.verrucosa could not grow in the footpads of BALB/c mice after 21 days,while P.verrucosa could persistently grow in the footpads of nu/nu BALB/c mice.Conclusion An experimental model with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to P.verrucosa has been successfully established by using nu/nu BALB/c mice,and the nu/nu BALB/c mice are more susceptible to P.verrucosa infection compared with the immunocompetent BALB/c mice.
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Objective To compare the dosimetric difference of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) plans for spine metastasis using 6 MV X-ray flattening filter free (FFF) and flattening filter (FF) modes.Methods A total of nine previously treated patients with a total of twelve spine metastasis were retrospectively included and replanned using FFF-SBRT and FF-SBRT, respectively.The dose-volume histograms (DVH), target conformity index (CI), monitor unites (MUs) and treatment time of target volume, organs at risk and normal tissues were compared between the plans.Results Both FFF-SBRT and FF-SBRT met the clinical objectives.Dose distribution of target volume, organs at risk and normal tissues were similar.MUs of the FFF-SBRT were significantly higher than that of FF-SBRT (t =-5.20, P ＜0.0l), while the treatment time was almost half of the latter (t =17.27, P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Two plan modes are both clinically acceptable.FFF-SBRT plans are delivered in less time and with better efficiency.Trial registration Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR-TRC-14004281.
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Objective To profile the intraspecific type of Trichophyton mentagrophytes clinically isolated from different anatomical sites of patients, and to compare the performance of different target sites for the identification of Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex strains. Methods A total of 48 Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains, which were clinically isolated from Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital in the latest 3 years, were included in this study. The phenotypes of these Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates were primarily determined by morphological observation and the urease test. PCR was performed to amplify the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer(ITS) region and the D1?D2 domains of the large?subunit ribosomal DNA(28S rDNA)followed by DNA sequencing. Then, Clustal X2 software and MEGA 6.0 software were used to analyze the ITS and D1?D2 sequences and to build phylogenetic trees by the maximum?likelihood method (bootstrap = 2000). Results As the ITS sequence?based phylogenetic tree showed, the probability that the 48 isolates were grouped into the Trichophyton interdigitale clade reached 92%. However, Trichophyton interdigitale could not be effectively differentiated from Trichophyton quinckeanum by the D1?D2 sequence?based phylogenetic tree. In addition, Trichophyton interdigitale showed various appearances, including woolen type, downy type, cream type, powdery type and granular type. Conclusions Trichophyton mentagrophytes can be identified to the species level based on the sequence of ITS region, which shows higher efficiency in identifying Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex than the D1?D2 domains. Morphological characteristics can not serve as the basis for intraspecific typing of Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
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Ob jective To study the effect of Tripartite motif 5 alpha( TRIM5α) on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods The TRIM5α construction was identified by enzyme diges-tion,PCR and sequencing.The TRIM5αplasmid was transfected into HepG2 cells and identified by RT-PCR and Western blotT.he cell proliferation was monitored by RTCA real -time instrument and cell apoptosis was an-alyzed by flow cytometry.The apoptosis related proteins were detected by Western blot.Results The TRIM5αvector was successfully constructed.The result of RT-PCR and Western blot showed that TRIM5αplasmid could enter HepG2 cells.TRIM5αcould inhibit HepG2 cells proliferation also increased their apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and activation of Caspase-3 expression.TRIM5αalso could inhibit the tumor formation of HepG2 cells in vivo.Conclusion TRIM5αinhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and weakened the tumorigenic ability of HepG2 cells.This will establish the foundation for the mechanism study and the clinic use of TRIM5αfor tumor therapy in the future.